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Alpinacris tumidicauda
''Alpinacris tumidicauda'' is a species of grasshopper only known from Otago and Southland, New Zealand. The genus ''Alpinacris'' is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. ''A. tumidicauda'' was described in 1967 by Robert Sidney Bigelow,〔 with a type locality of Obelisk ((マオリ語:Kopuwai)) in the Old Man Range A male holotype and paratype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Like all of New Zealand sub-alpine and alpine grasshoppers, ''A. tumidicauda'' has a 2- or 3-year life cycle. The eggs must "overwinter" before they will hatch. Hoppers are found throughout the year, and adult grasshoppers can be found throughout the New Zealand summer between December and April. The adult ''A. tumidicauda'' do not overwinter.
==Distribution and habitat==
''Alpinacris tumidicauda'' is known only from the Otago and Southland regions of New Zealand.〔Morris SJ. 2002. Distribution and Taxonomic status of New Zealand endangered grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Department of Conservation, Wellington.〕 It can be found as far south as Cleughearn Peak and as far north as Mount Aurum ''Alpinacris tumidicauda'' prefers alpine tussock grasslands between ; it can, however, be found as low as near the Nevis River It is one of three known species of alpine grasshoppers that are found in Fiordland, the other two being ''Sigaus homerensis'' and ''Sigaus takahe''.〔Morris, S.J. 2003: Two new species of ''Sigaus'' from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). ''New Zealand entomologist'', 26: 65–74. (PDF )〕
''Alpinacris tumidicauda'' has a "sister species", ''Alpinacris crassicauda''. There would have originally been only one species of ''Alpinacris'' in the South Island; however, the Alpine Fault has separated this species over time, so at the present there are two species—''A. tumidicauda'' in southeast of the South Island and ''A. crassicauda'' in the northwest of the island.〔Trewick SA, Wallis GP. 2001: Bridging the “beech-gap”: New Zealand invertebrate phylogeography implicates Pleistocene glaciation and pliocene isolation. Evolution 55, No. 11: 2170–2180.〕〔Heads, M. 1998. Biogeographic disjunction along the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 63:161–176.〕
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